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Annotation

This paper discusses the origins and consequences of the break­down of the parliamentarian regime created in France in the last quarter of the XIX century and replaced in 1958 by semi-presiden­tial system of the Fifth republic. This system contributed to seek the solution of such important problem as the better efficiency of the State institutions, decolonization, economic modernization, streng­thening of France international positions. But in the last period its internal contradictions and especially the drastic transformations in the world made necessary to adapt substantially the application of the existing Constitution to the changing conditions of the begin­ning of the XXI century. This process is far from being finished. One of the unavoidable conditions of its success is the transition from the extreme multipartism to the bipolarization of the political field around two main parties, those of center right and center left, alternating in power or opposition.